[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1124},["ShallowReactive",2],{"kb-en-\u002Fkb\u002Freports\u002Fifc":3,"kb-nav-en":733},{"page":4,"fallback":723},{"id":5,"title":6,"body":7,"description":721,"extension":722,"faq":723,"meta":724,"navigation":725,"ogImage":726,"order":727,"path":728,"raw":723,"robots":726,"schemaOrg":726,"seo":729,"sitemap":730,"stem":731,"__hash__":732},"content_en\u002Fkb\u002Freports\u002Fifc.md","IFC structural models",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":704},"minimark",[10,19,40,121,126,159,162,180,184,189,200,205,366,369,373,384,401,404,407,413,417,420,518,522,528,532,535,550,612,620,624,631,637,641,696],[11,12,13,14,18],"p",{},"IFC is the format a structural engineer is most often handed. Tekla, Revit, Archicad,\nAllplan, AxisVM, SCIA Engineer, RFEM and FreeCAD all write it, and most of them can write\nthe part of it that matters here: the ",[15,16,17],"strong",{},"structural analysis view",", the nodes, members,\nsurfaces, supports and loads that an analysis program works on. Elementarium reads that\nview and writes it back.",[20,21,24],"callout",{"title":22,"type":23},"Import on every plan, export on Pro","note",[11,25,26,29,30,33,34,39],{},[15,27,28],{},"File › Import › IFC model…"," works on every plan. ",[15,31,32],{},"File › Export › IFC structural\nmodel…"," is a Pro feature, like the other exports. See ",[35,36,38],"a",{"href":37},"\u002Fkb\u002Faccount\u002Fplans","Plans",".",[41,42,43,58],"table",{},[44,45,46],"thead",{},[47,48,49,52,55],"tr",{},[50,51],"th",{},[50,53,54],{},"Import",[50,56,57],{},"Export",[59,60,61,73,89,100,111],"tbody",{},[47,62,63,67,70],{},[64,65,66],"td",{},"Schemas",[64,68,69],{},"IFC2X3, IFC4, IFC4X3",[64,71,72],{},"IFC4 ADD2 TC1",[47,74,75,78,85],{},[64,76,77],{},"File",[64,79,80,84],{},[81,82,83],"code",{},".ifc"," (STEP text)",[64,86,87,84],{},[81,88,83],{},[47,90,91,94,97],{},[64,92,93],{},"Units",[64,95,96],{},"Whatever the file declares, SI or imperial",[64,98,99],{},"SI, declared explicitly",[47,101,102,105,108],{},[64,103,104],{},"Up axis",[64,106,107],{},"Z, as IFC defines it",[64,109,110],{},"Z, with the project rotated if it is not Z-up",[47,112,113,116,119],{},[64,114,115],{},"What it reads or writes",[64,117,118],{},"The structural analysis view",[64,120,118],{},[122,123,125],"h2",{"id":124},"the-analysis-view-not-the-building","The analysis view, not the building",[11,127,128,129,132,133,136,137,140,141,144,145,147,148,151,152,140,155,158],{},"An IFC file can hold two different models of the same structure. The ",[15,130,131],{},"physical model","\nis what the architect and the detailer draw: ",[81,134,135],{},"IfcBeam",", ",[81,138,139],{},"IfcColumn"," and ",[81,142,143],{},"IfcSlab",", each a\nsolid with a profile swept along a path. The ",[15,146,17],{}," is the\nengineer's idealisation of it: ",[81,149,150],{},"IfcStructuralPointConnection"," for nodes,\n",[81,153,154],{},"IfcStructuralCurveMember",[81,156,157],{},"IfcStructuralSurfaceMember"," for the members and plates,\nwith supports, releases, load cases and loads attached.",[11,160,161],{},"Elementarium imports the analysis view. A file that holds only the physical model is\nrecognised and refused with a plain message rather than imported as an empty project.\nDeriving analysis members from solids is a decision about where the axis of a member is\nand which members connect, which is an engineering decision; it is not one the importer\nmakes silently on your behalf.",[20,163,166],{"title":164,"type":165},"Getting an analysis view out of a BIM tool","tip",[11,167,168,169,136,172,175,176,179],{},"Most modelling tools export the analytical model as a separate IFC option, often named\n",[170,171,17],"em",{},[170,173,174],{},"analytical model"," or ",[170,177,178],{},"IFC4 Reference View — structural",". If\nthe import says the file has no structural analysis model, that is the option to look for.",[122,181,183],{"id":182},"importing-a-file","Importing a file",[11,185,186,188],{},[15,187,28],{}," reads the file, then shows what it found before anything\nchanges: the project type it will become (2D or 3D, frame, truss or general), the counts\nof nodes, members, plates, load cases and loads, and a warning for everything it could\nnot map. Nothing is written until you confirm.",[11,190,191,192,195,196,199],{},"The import ",[15,193,194],{},"replaces the content of the current project",", in one undoable step. The\nproject itself, its URL and the people it is shared with stay, the same contract as SAF\nand ",[81,197,198],{},".elproj",". To keep the current model as well, create a new project first.",[201,202,204],"h3",{"id":203},"what-comes-in","What comes in",[41,206,207,217],{},[44,208,209],{},[47,210,211,214],{},[50,212,213],{},"IFC",[50,215,216],{},"Becomes",[59,218,219,227,245,256,264,274,282,290,301,315,323,331,339,347,355],{},[47,220,221,224],{},[64,222,223],{},"Point connections, with their boundary conditions",[64,225,226],{},"Nodes, supports and springs",[47,228,229,242],{},[64,230,231,232,136,235,136,238,241],{},"Curve members (",[81,233,234],{},"PIN_JOINED_MEMBER",[81,236,237],{},"TENSION_MEMBER",[81,239,240],{},"CABLE"," …)",[64,243,244],{},"Beams, or bars for the pin-jointed types",[47,246,247,253],{},[64,248,249,252],{},[81,250,251],{},"Axis"," on a curve member",[64,254,255],{},"The member's local axes",[47,257,258,261],{},[64,259,260],{},"Member–connection conditions",[64,262,263],{},"End releases, including release springs",[47,265,266,271],{},[64,267,268],{},[81,269,270],{},"IfcRelConnectsWithEccentricity",[64,272,273],{},"Member eccentricity",[47,275,276,279],{},[64,277,278],{},"Connections part-way along a member",[64,280,281],{},"Interior nodes",[47,283,284,287],{},[64,285,286],{},"Surface members with inner bounds",[64,288,289],{},"Plates with openings, with thickness and material",[47,291,292,295],{},[64,293,294],{},"Curve connections along a member or plate edge",[64,296,297],{},[35,298,300],{"href":299},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fsupports-and-releases","Line supports",[47,302,303,312],{},[64,304,305,308,309],{},[81,306,307],{},"USERDEFINED"," curve members named ",[81,310,311],{},"RigidLink",[64,313,314],{},"Rigid arms",[47,316,317,320],{},[64,318,319],{},"Profiles: I, rectangle, circle, hollow, L, U, T, arbitrary polyline",[64,321,322],{},"Sections",[47,324,325,328],{},[64,326,327],{},"Mechanical material properties",[64,329,330],{},"Materials (E, G, ν, density, thermal expansion, strengths)",[47,332,333,336],{},[64,334,335],{},"Load groups, load cases, load combinations",[64,337,338],{},"The same, with their factors",[47,340,341,344],{},[64,342,343],{},"Self-weight coefficients on a case",[64,345,346],{},"A self-weight case",[47,348,349,352],{},[64,350,351],{},"Point, line, linearly varying, surface, graded surface, plate edge, temperature and displacement actions",[64,353,354],{},"The matching loads",[47,356,357,363],{},[64,358,359,362],{},[81,360,361],{},"IfcGroup"," nesting",[64,364,365],{},"Groups",[11,367,368],{},"A file meshed by its exporter, with one point connection per mesh corner, comes in as one\nplate, not hundreds: coincident connections merge, faces belonging to one surface member\nare merged back into a single outline, and the mesh is made again here.",[201,370,372],{"id":371},"catalogue-names-are-hints","Catalogue names are hints",[11,374,375,376,379,380,383],{},"A profile named ",[81,377,378],{},"IPE 300"," or a material named ",[81,381,382],{},"S355"," is matched against the library, but\nthe name is never the whole answer:",[385,386,387,395],"ul",{},[388,389,390,391,394],"li",{},"a ",[15,392,393],{},"profile"," is taken from the catalogue only when every dimension the file states\nagrees with the catalogue's to 1 %; otherwise the file's own dimensions are used and\nthe mismatch is reported;",[388,396,390,397,400],{},[15,398,399],{},"material"," is taken from the catalogue only when the file's E agrees to 5 %. An E so\nlow it can only be a unit slip (below 10 MPa) is reported, and the catalogue grade used.",[11,402,403],{},"Where the file states nothing usable, the importer substitutes a default (IPE 200, S235)\nand says so in the warnings. Read them before you solve.",[201,405,93],{"id":406},"units",[11,408,409,410,39],{},"The units are the file's own, read from the project's unit assignment, with SI prefixes,\nconversion-based units (inch, foot, pound-force, kip, ksi) and derived units. A file in\nkN and m that never declares a line-force unit is read with line loads in kN\u002Fm, composed\nfrom the base units it does declare, which is what every exporter we have seen assumes.\nYour project's display units are a separate setting and are not changed by the import;\nsee ",[35,411,93],{"href":412},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Funits",[201,414,416],{"id":415},"tolerated-and-reported","Tolerated, and reported",[11,418,419],{},"Real exporters write files that are not quite valid, and the importer reads them anyway\nrather than failing on the first irregularity:",[41,421,422,432],{},[44,423,424],{},[47,425,426,429],{},[50,427,428],{},"In the file",[50,430,431],{},"What happens",[59,433,434,442,450,458,466,474,482,490,498,506],{},[47,435,436,439],{},[64,437,438],{},"A curved or tapered member",[64,440,441],{},"Imported straight, or with a constant section, with a warning",[47,443,444,447],{},[64,445,446],{},"A different eccentricity at each end",[64,448,449],{},"The mean is used, with a warning",[47,451,452,455],{},[64,453,454],{},"A support stated in a rotated coordinate system",[64,456,457],{},"Read in global axes, with a warning",[47,459,460,463],{},[64,461,462],{},"A load over part of a member's length",[64,464,465],{},"Skipped, with a warning",[47,467,468,471],{},[64,469,470],{},"Area supports or elastic bedding under a surface",[64,472,473],{},"Skipped, with a warning: there is no surface support yet",[47,475,476,479],{},[64,477,478],{},"A membrane surface member",[64,480,481],{},"Imported as a shell, which also carries bending",[47,483,484,487],{},[64,485,486],{},"Supported connections no member reaches",[64,488,489],{},"Dropped, with a warning",[47,491,492,495],{},[64,493,494],{},"Several analysis models in one file",[64,496,497],{},"All imported together, with a warning",[47,499,500,503],{},[64,501,502],{},"IFC2X3 stiffness written as −1, 0 or a huge number",[64,504,505],{},"Below zero or ≥ 10⁹ is rigid, zero is free, anything between is a spring",[47,507,508,515],{},[64,509,510,511,514],{},"Results (",[81,512,513],{},"IfcStructuralResultGroup",")",[64,516,517],{},"Ignored: results are computed here",[122,519,521],{"id":520},"exporting-a-model","Exporting a model",[11,523,524,527],{},[15,525,526],{},"File › Export › IFC structural model…"," shows the counts it will write and lists\nanything that cannot be carried before writing the file. The output is an IFC4 ADD2 TC1\nstructural analysis view in SI units, checked against IfcOpenShell.",[201,529,531],{"id":530},"everything-the-model-holds","Everything the model holds",[11,533,534],{},"Every feature the app models survives an IFC round trip. Where standard IFC has a word for\nit, it is written in standard IFC, so any program that reads the analysis view gets it:\nnodes, supports and springs, members with their axes, releases and eccentricities, plates\nand openings, line supports, rigid arms, groups, materials with their strengths, sections,\nload groups, cases and combinations, and every load type, including plate edge loads and\ngraded surface loads.",[11,536,537,538,541,542,545,546,549],{},"What IFC has no word for travels in an ",[15,539,540],{},"Elementarium extension",": one property set on\nthe project, named ",[81,543,544],{},"Elementarium_*"," rather than ",[81,547,548],{},"Pset_*"," (which buildingSMART reserves),\nholding load panels, wind and snow generators, masses, analysis setups, design checks,\nexact section and material records, combination definitions and project settings. Another\nprogram ignores it and still gets the physics: a load panel arrives as the member loads it\nproduces, and self-weight on selected members as explicit loads. When the file comes back\nto Elementarium, the extension restores the originals.",[41,551,552,562],{},[44,553,554],{},[47,555,556,559],{},[50,557,558],{},"In the project",[50,560,561],{},"Written as",[59,563,564,572,580,588,596,604],{},[47,565,566,569],{},[64,567,568],{},"Linear combination",[64,570,571],{},"An IFC load combination, by factor",[47,573,574,577],{},[64,575,576],{},"Envelope or code combination",[64,578,579],{},"One IFC load combination per permutation, plus the definition in the extension",[47,581,582,585],{},[64,583,584],{},"Self-weight on the whole model",[64,586,587],{},"Self-weight coefficients on the case",[47,589,590,593],{},[64,591,592],{},"Self-weight on selected elements",[64,594,595],{},"Explicit line and surface actions, restored as scoped self-weight on re-import",[47,597,598,601],{},[64,599,600],{},"Load panel",[64,602,603],{},"Its member loads in IFC; the panel itself in the extension",[47,605,606,609],{},[64,607,608],{},"A project that is not Z-up",[64,610,611],{},"Rotated into IFC's Z-up exactly, rotated back on re-import",[11,613,614,615,619],{},"Drawings, comments, result probes and report configuration are not model data and are not\nwritten. The ",[35,616,618],{"href":617},"\u002Fkb\u002Freports\u002Fexchange#the-project-file","project file"," carries those.",[201,621,623],{"id":622},"globalids-stay-put","GlobalIds stay put",[11,625,626,627,630],{},"Every entity imported from IFC remembers the ",[81,628,629],{},"GlobalId"," it arrived with, through edits and\nrenames, and the export writes it back. The dialog says how many entities keep theirs. An\nentity created here gets a GlobalId derived from the project and its own id, so exporting\nthe same model twice produces the same file, byte for byte, which keeps a diff between two\nissues meaningful.",[20,632,634],{"title":633,"type":23},"Re-importing replaces, for now",[11,635,636],{},"Re-importing an updated IFC file replaces the project's content. Matching it against the\nmodel by GlobalId and showing what moved, changed, was added or removed, so you can take\nthe changes selectively, is the next step for IFC.",[122,638,640],{"id":639},"ifc-saf-or-the-project-file","IFC, SAF or the project file",[41,642,643,653],{},[44,644,645],{},[47,646,647,650],{},[50,648,649],{},"You want to",[50,651,652],{},"Use",[59,654,655,666,673,685],{},[47,656,657,660],{},[64,658,659],{},"Keep or hand over an Elementarium project exactly",[64,661,662],{},[35,663,664],{"href":617},[81,665,198],{},[47,667,668,671],{},[64,669,670],{},"Bring in the analysis model from a BIM or detailing tool",[64,672,213],{},[47,674,675,678],{},[64,676,677],{},"Exchange with SCIA Engineer, RFEM or IDEA StatiCa",[64,679,680,684],{},[35,681,683],{"href":682},"\u002Fkb\u002Freports\u002Fexchange#saf-models-in-and-out","SAF"," or IFC, whichever the other side prefers",[47,686,687,690],{},[64,688,689],{},"Draw over an architect's plan",[64,691,692],{},[35,693,695],{"href":694},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fdrawings-and-snapping","DXF",[11,697,698,699,703],{},"The ",[35,700,702],{"href":701},"\u002Fexamples","road overpass example"," was written outside the studio as an IFC4\nstructural file and brought in through this importer, and it is a reasonable first file to\ninspect if you want to see what a clean import looks like.",{"title":705,"searchDepth":706,"depth":706,"links":707},"",2,[708,709,716,720],{"id":124,"depth":706,"text":125},{"id":182,"depth":706,"text":183,"children":710},[711,713,714,715],{"id":203,"depth":712,"text":204},3,{"id":371,"depth":712,"text":372},{"id":406,"depth":712,"text":93},{"id":415,"depth":712,"text":416},{"id":520,"depth":706,"text":521,"children":717},[718,719],{"id":530,"depth":712,"text":531},{"id":622,"depth":712,"text":623},{"id":639,"depth":706,"text":640},"The IFC structural analysis view in and out — what IFC2X3, IFC4 and IFC4X3 files bring, what an export carries, and what IFC cannot say.","md",false,{},true,null,5,"\u002Fkb\u002Freports\u002Fifc",{"title":6,"description":721},{"loc":728},"kb\u002Freports\u002Fifc","sb9ysk_dhOkFEkUS4QWBoUGUd48u0l876x-DoowhJZs",{"sections":734,"extras":1040,"flat":1053},[735,768,809,828,863,894,921,949,976,1003,1018],{"path":736,"slug":737,"title":738,"description":739,"icon":740,"articles":741},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started","getting-started","Getting started","From an empty tab to a solved, checked structure — the three guides that get you productive in Elementarium.","lucide:rocket",[742,746,750,754,758,762,764],{"path":743,"title":744,"description":745,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Fkeyboard-shortcuts","Keyboard shortcuts","Every key binding in the workspace, the pointer gestures in the viewports, what the number fields accept, and what the command palette understands.",{"path":747,"title":748,"description":749,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Fquickstart","Quickstart","Build a portal frame, load it, solve it and read the bending moment diagram — about ten minutes from an empty tab.",{"path":751,"title":752,"description":753,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Fscope-and-limits","Scope and limits","What Elementarium models, solves and checks today, and what it does not — on one page, before you commit a job to it.",{"path":755,"title":756,"description":757,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Fsystem-requirements","System requirements","Which browsers and devices run Elementarium, how threading affects solve speed, and where the practical ceiling on model size comes from.",{"path":759,"title":760,"description":761,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Finterface-tour","Tour of the workspace","The ribbon, properties panel, dockable viewports, table dock, command palette and status bar — what each part of the editor is for.",{"path":412,"title":93,"description":763,"translated":725},"How units work in Elementarium — SI inside, your unit system on screen — and the handful of conversions that cause most wrong answers in structural models.",{"path":765,"title":766,"description":767,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Ffirst-analysis","Your first analysis","Load cases, combinations and a linear static solve — then how to decide whether the answer is trustworthy.",{"path":769,"slug":770,"title":771,"description":772,"icon":773,"articles":774},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling","modeling","Modeling","Bars, beams, 3D frames, slabs and walls. Geometry, sections, supports and releases that behave like the real structure.","lucide:frame",[775,779,782,786,790,794,798,802,805],{"path":776,"title":777,"description":778,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fbars-beams-and-trusses","Bars, beams and trusses","When a member should be a bar and when a beam, how to model trusses and bracing, and what to do about members that only work in tension.",{"path":694,"title":780,"description":781,"translated":725},"Drawings & snapping","Importing a DXF as a reference underlay, choosing its units and plane, and snapping model geometry onto it accurately.",{"path":783,"title":784,"description":785,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Felastic-foundations","Elastic foundations","Grade beams, strip footings and walls on ground as line supports on springs — choosing a subgrade modulus, and where the model stops being true.",{"path":787,"title":788,"description":789,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fplane-frames-in-3d","Plane frames in a 3D solver","When to use the 2D Frame and 2D Truss model types, why a flat structure in a 3D model is a mechanism, and how to restrain it.",{"path":791,"title":792,"description":793,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fsections-and-materials","Sections & materials","What a section and a material contribute to the stiffness matrix and the design checks, and the values worth checking twice.",{"path":795,"title":796,"description":797,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fsurfaces","Slabs, walls and shells","Modelling surfaces in Elementarium — outlines, openings and thickness, how a beam or a wall attaches to a slab, local axes, and what a surface result means.",{"path":799,"title":800,"description":801,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fstructure-generators","Structure generators","Thirty-five parametric structures — trusses, frames, arches, towers, domes and shells — generated from a few dimensions, with supports and loads.",{"path":299,"title":803,"description":804,"translated":725},"Supports & releases","Pins, fixities, springs and end releases — what each one does to the stiffness matrix, and when each is right.",{"path":806,"title":807,"description":808,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Ffirst-model","Your first model","The modeling loop end to end — geometry, sections, supports and releases — on a structure small enough to check by hand.",{"path":810,"slug":811,"title":812,"description":813,"icon":814,"articles":815},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmeshing","meshing","Meshing","Mesh density, local refinement and the quality checks that tell you when a mesh is fine enough to trust.","lucide:grid-3x3",[816,820,824],{"path":817,"title":818,"description":819,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmeshing\u002Felement-size","Choosing element size","Starting mesh densities for slabs, walls and rafts, and the convergence test that decides whether a mesh is fine enough.",{"path":821,"title":822,"description":823,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmeshing\u002Frefinement","Local refinement","Where to spend elements, where not to bother, and how to refine without wrecking element shape.",{"path":825,"title":826,"description":827,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmeshing\u002Fquality-checks","Mesh quality","Aspect ratio, skew and warping — what degrades a result, what the mesher reports, and how to tell whether the elements you are worried about matter.",{"path":829,"slug":830,"title":831,"description":832,"icon":833,"articles":834},"\u002Fkb\u002Floads","loads","Loads & combinations","Build load cases, generate code combinations automatically and find out which one actually governs.","lucide:arrow-down-to-line",[835,839,843,847,851,855,859],{"path":836,"title":837,"description":838,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Floads\u002Fasce-7-combinations","ASCE 7 combinations","LRFD and ASD combinations to ASCE 7-22 — how the generator maps your load groups onto D, L, Lr, S, W and E, and pairing them with the AISC check.",{"path":840,"title":841,"description":842,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Floads\u002Fcombinations","Automatic combinations","Generating EN 1990 and ASCE 7 combinations, understanding the equations behind them, and reading the generated set critically.",{"path":844,"title":845,"description":846,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Floads\u002Fenvelopes","Envelopes","Extracting the governing value across dozens of combinations without reading every one — and the traps in doing so.",{"path":848,"title":849,"description":850,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Floads\u002Fload-cases","Load cases","Actions, self-weight, imposed loads and load arrangements — how to build cases that stay separable.",{"path":852,"title":853,"description":854,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Floads\u002Fload-panels","Load panels","Areas that hand a floor, roof or wall pressure to the members around them as line loads, one way or two way, without meshing a slab.",{"path":856,"title":857,"description":858,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Floads\u002Ftemperature-loads","Temperature loads","Uniform temperature change and through-depth gradients — what each does to a free and a restrained structure, and the coefficients to use.",{"path":860,"title":861,"description":862,"translated":725},"\u002Fkb\u002Floads\u002Fwind-and-snow","Wind and snow","Wind to EN 1991-1-4 and snow to EN 1991-1-3, generated on a building envelope — site inputs, recognised roof shapes, the cases produced, and the limits.",{"path":864,"slug":865,"title":866,"description":867,"icon":868,"articles":869},"\u002Fkb\u002Fanalysis","analysis","Analysis types","Linear static, modal, linear buckling and second-order — what each analysis assumes, what it returns and how to read the 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