[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":3590},["ShallowReactive",2],{"kb-en-\u002Fkb\u002Floads\u002Fasce-7-combinations":3,"kb-nav-en":3201},{"page":4,"fallback":3191},{"id":5,"title":6,"body":7,"description":3189,"extension":3190,"faq":3191,"meta":3192,"navigation":3193,"ogImage":3194,"order":3195,"path":3196,"raw":3191,"robots":3194,"schemaOrg":3194,"seo":3197,"sitemap":3198,"stem":3199,"__hash__":3200},"content_en\u002Fkb\u002Floads\u002Fasce-7-combinations.md","ASCE 7 combinations",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":3177},"minimark",[10,25,30,33,233,259,266,273,277,438,1304,1311,1315,2311,2314,2318,2389,2804,2808,2816,3007,3050,3054,3057,3087,3091,3098,3102],[11,12,13,14,19,20,24],"p",{},"The combination generator ships two standards. ",[15,16,18],"a",{"href":17},"\u002Fkb\u002Floads\u002Fcombinations","EN 1990"," is one;\nASCE 7 is the other, and it produces the combinations the ",[15,21,23],{"href":22},"\u002Fkb\u002Fdesign-checks\u002Faisc","AISC 360","\nmodule expects. A project can hold both (a Eurocode job can carry an ASCE set for\ncomparison), and a new combination starts on the standard of the project's national code\nfamily.",[26,27,29],"h2",{"id":28},"two-philosophies-two-sets","Two philosophies, two sets",[11,31,32],{},"ASCE 7-22 defines its combinations in two sections of Chapter 2, for two design methods:",[34,35,36,55],"table",{},[37,38,39],"thead",{},[40,41,42,46,49,52],"tr",{},[43,44,45],"th",{},"Set",[43,47,48],{},"Clause",[43,50,51],{},"For",[43,53,54],{},"Compares against",[56,57,58,160],"tbody",{},[40,59,60,68,71,74],{},[61,62,63,67],"td",{},[64,65,66],"strong",{},"LRFD"," (strength design)",[61,69,70],{},"§2.3.1, and §2.3.6 for seismic: combinations 1–7",[61,72,73],{},"Factored loads, strength-level",[61,75,76],{},[77,78,81],"span",{"className":79},[80],"katex",[77,82,86],{"className":83,"ariaHidden":85},[84],"katex-html","true",[77,87,90,95,101],{"className":88},[89],"base",[77,91],{"className":92,"style":94},[93],"strut","height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;",[77,96,100],{"className":97},[98,99],"mord","mathnormal","ϕ",[77,102,104,109],{"className":103},[98],[77,105,108],{"className":106,"style":107},[98,99],"margin-right:0.0077em;","R",[77,110,113],{"className":111},[112],"msupsub",[77,114,118,151],{"className":115},[116,117],"vlist-t","vlist-t2",[77,119,122,146],{"className":120},[121],"vlist-r",[77,123,127],{"className":124,"style":126},[125],"vlist","height:0.1514em;",[77,128,130,135],{"style":129},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.0077em;margin-right:0.05em;",[77,131],{"className":132,"style":134},[133],"pstrut","height:2.7em;",[77,136,142],{"className":137},[138,139,140,141],"sizing","reset-size6","size3","mtight",[77,143,145],{"className":144},[98,99,141],"n",[77,147,150],{"className":148},[149],"vlist-s","​",[77,152,154],{"className":153},[121],[77,155,158],{"className":156,"style":157},[125],"height:0.15em;",[77,159],{},[40,161,162,168,171,174],{},[61,163,164,167],{},[64,165,166],{},"ASD"," (allowable strength design)",[61,169,170],{},"§2.4.1, and §2.4.5 for seismic: combinations 1–10",[61,172,173],{},"Nominal loads, service-level",[61,175,176],{},[77,177,179],{"className":178},[80],[77,180,182],{"className":181,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,183,185,189,229],{"className":184},[89],[77,186],{"className":187,"style":188},[93],"height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;",[77,190,192,195],{"className":191},[98],[77,193,108],{"className":194,"style":107},[98,99],[77,196,198],{"className":197},[112],[77,199,201,221],{"className":200},[116,117],[77,202,204,218],{"className":203},[121],[77,205,207],{"className":206,"style":126},[125],[77,208,209,212],{"style":129},[77,210],{"className":211,"style":134},[133],[77,213,215],{"className":214},[138,139,140,141],[77,216,145],{"className":217},[98,99,141],[77,219,150],{"className":220},[149],[77,222,224],{"className":223},[121],[77,225,227],{"className":226,"style":157},[125],[77,228],{},[77,230,232],{"className":231},[98],"\u002FΩ",[11,234,235,236,258],{},"A third, smaller set, the service-level combinations of the serviceability appendix\n(Appendix C, Commentary CC.2.2), is generated for deflection and drift checks, with the\nserviceability wind taken as ",[77,237,239],{"className":238},[80],[77,240,242],{"className":241,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,243,245,249,253],{"className":244},[89],[77,246],{"className":247,"style":248},[93],"height:0.6833em;",[77,250,252],{"className":251},[98],"0.42",[77,254,257],{"className":255,"style":256},[98,99],"margin-right:0.1389em;","W"," — roughly a 10-year wind — unless you set another\nratio.",[11,260,261,262,265],{},"The two sets are ",[64,263,264],{},"not interchangeable on the load side",". 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96},[98],[77,2298,436],{"className":2299,"style":386},[98,99],[77,2301,150],{"className":2302},[149],[77,2304,2306],{"className":2305},[121],[77,2307,2309],{"className":2308,"style":1449},[125],[77,2310],{},[11,2312,2313],{},"The 0.75 factor on rules 4, 6 and 9 is the standard's allowance for the improbability of\ntwo variable actions peaking together: the ASD equivalent of a ψ factor.",[26,2315,2317],{"id":2316},"the-factors-are-fields","The factors are fields",[11,2319,2320,2321,2336,2337,2352,2353,2368,2369,2384,2385,2388],{},"As with the Eurocode generator, the LRFD factors (1.4, 1.2, 0.9, 1.6 on ",[77,2322,2324],{"className":2323},[80],[77,2325,2327],{"className":2326,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2328,2330,2333],{"className":2329},[89],[77,2331],{"className":2332,"style":248},[93],[77,2334,313],{"className":2335},[98,99]," and on the roof\nactions, 1.0 on ",[77,2338,2340],{"className":2339},[80],[77,2341,2343],{"className":2342,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2344,2346,2349],{"className":2345},[89],[77,2347],{"className":2348,"style":248},[93],[77,2350,257],{"className":2351,"style":256},[98,99]," and ",[77,2354,2356],{"className":2355},[80],[77,2357,2359],{"className":2358,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2360,2362,2365],{"className":2361},[89],[77,2363],{"className":2364,"style":248},[93],[77,2366,436],{"className":2367,"style":386},[98,99],", and the companion ",[77,2370,2372],{"className":2371},[80],[77,2373,2375],{"className":2374,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2376,2378,2381],{"className":2377},[89],[77,2379],{"className":2380,"style":248},[93],[77,2382,313],{"className":2383},[98,99],") are ",[64,2386,2387],{},"editable fields"," on the\ngenerator, not constants compiled into the app, and so are the service-level wind and snow\nfactors. The ASD factors (0.6, 0.7, 0.75) are fixed. The fields matter for three\nprovisions:",[2390,2391,2392,2450,2513],"ul",{},[2393,2394,2395,2398,2399,2414,2415,2433,2434,2449],"li",{},[64,2396,2397],{},"The 0.5 live load exception."," §2.3.1 allows the companion ",[77,2400,2402],{"className":2401},[80],[77,2403,2405],{"className":2404,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2406,2408,2411],{"className":2407},[89],[77,2409],{"className":2410,"style":248},[93],[77,2412,313],{"className":2413},[98,99]," in rules 3, 4 and 6 to\nbe taken as ",[77,2416,2418],{"className":2417},[80],[77,2419,2421],{"className":2420,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2422,2424,2427,2430],{"className":2423},[89],[77,2425],{"className":2426,"style":248},[93],[77,2428,853],{"className":2429},[98],[77,2431,313],{"className":2432},[98,99]," where ",[77,2435,2437],{"className":2436},[80],[77,2438,2440],{"className":2439,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2441,2443,2446],{"className":2442},[89],[77,2444],{"className":2445,"style":248},[93],[77,2447,313],{"className":2448},[98,99]," is at most 100 psf (about 4.8 kN\u002Fm²) and the occupancy is\nnot a garage or a place of public assembly. It is a value you set, not a branch to work\naround.",[2393,2451,2452,2455,2456,2474,2475,2352,2493,2512],{},[64,2453,2454],{},"Wind."," The ",[77,2457,2459],{"className":2458},[80],[77,2460,2462],{"className":2461,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2463,2465,2468,2471],{"className":2464},[89],[77,2466],{"className":2467,"style":248},[93],[77,2469,1076],{"className":2470},[98],[77,2472,257],{"className":2473,"style":256},[98,99]," factor assumes wind speeds from the strength-level maps. A project\nworking from older service-level wind data uses ",[77,2476,2478],{"className":2477},[80],[77,2479,2481],{"className":2480,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2482,2484,2487,2490],{"className":2483},[89],[77,2485],{"className":2486,"style":248},[93],[77,2488,837],{"className":2489},[98],[77,2491,257],{"className":2492,"style":256},[98,99],[77,2494,2496],{"className":2495},[80],[77,2497,2499],{"className":2498,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2500,2502,2505,2509],{"className":2501},[89],[77,2503],{"className":2504,"style":248},[93],[77,2506,2508],{"className":2507},[98],"0.8",[77,2510,257],{"className":2511,"style":256},[98,99]," in the earlier form of\nthe rules. Change the field, and say so in the report.",[2393,2514,2515,2455,2518,2536,2537,2552,2553,2608,2609,2734,2735,2750,2751,2803],{},[64,2516,2517],{},"Earthquake.",[77,2519,2521],{"className":2520},[80],[77,2522,2524],{"className":2523,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2525,2527,2530,2533],{"className":2526},[89],[77,2528],{"className":2529,"style":248},[93],[77,2531,1076],{"className":2532},[98],[77,2534,436],{"className":2535,"style":386},[98,99]," factor is a field like the others. The standard defines ",[77,2538,2540],{"className":2539},[80],[77,2541,2543],{"className":2542,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2544,2546,2549],{"className":2545},[89],[77,2547],{"className":2548,"style":248},[93],[77,2550,436],{"className":2551,"style":386},[98,99],"\nfrom horizontal and vertical components (",[77,2554,2556],{"className":2555},[80],[77,2557,2559],{"className":2558,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2560,2562,2565],{"className":2561},[89],[77,2563],{"className":2564,"style":327},[93],[77,2566,2568,2571],{"className":2567},[98],[77,2569,436],{"className":2570,"style":386},[98,99],[77,2572,2574],{"className":2573},[112],[77,2575,2577,2600],{"className":2576},[116,117],[77,2578,2580,2597],{"className":2579},[121],[77,2581,2584],{"className":2582,"style":2583},[125],"height:0.3361em;",[77,2585,2587,2590],{"style":2586},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.0576em;margin-right:0.05em;",[77,2588],{"className":2589,"style":134},[133],[77,2591,2593],{"className":2592},[138,139,140,141],[77,2594,2596],{"className":2595},[98,99,141],"h",[77,2598,150],{"className":2599},[149],[77,2601,2603],{"className":2602},[121],[77,2604,2606],{"className":2605,"style":157},[125],[77,2607],{},", ",[77,2610,2612],{"className":2611},[80],[77,2613,2615,2675],{"className":2614,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2616,2618,2621,2663,2667,2672],{"className":2617},[89],[77,2619],{"className":2620,"style":327},[93],[77,2622,2624,2627],{"className":2623},[98],[77,2625,436],{"className":2626,"style":386},[98,99],[77,2628,2630],{"className":2629},[112],[77,2631,2633,2655],{"className":2632},[116,117],[77,2634,2636,2652],{"className":2635},[121],[77,2637,2639],{"className":2638,"style":126},[125],[77,2640,2641,2644],{"style":2586},[77,2642],{"className":2643,"style":134},[133],[77,2645,2647],{"className":2646},[138,139,140,141],[77,2648,2651],{"className":2649,"style":2650},[98,99,141],"margin-right:0.0359em;","v",[77,2653,150],{"className":2654},[149],[77,2656,2658],{"className":2657},[121],[77,2659,2661],{"className":2660,"style":157},[125],[77,2662],{},[77,2664],{"className":2665,"style":2666},[824],"margin-right:0.2778em;",[77,2668,2671],{"className":2669},[2670],"mrel","=",[77,2673],{"className":2674,"style":2666},[824],[77,2676,2678,2681,2684,2731],{"className":2677},[89],[77,2679],{"className":2680,"style":327},[93],[77,2682,1257],{"className":2683},[98],[77,2685,2687,2690],{"className":2686},[98],[77,2688,387],{"className":2689,"style":386},[98,99],[77,2691,2693],{"className":2692},[112],[77,2694,2696,2723],{"className":2695},[116,117],[77,2697,2699,2720],{"className":2698},[121],[77,2700,2703],{"className":2701,"style":2702},[125],"height:0.3283em;",[77,2704,2705,2708],{"style":2586},[77,2706],{"className":2707,"style":134},[133],[77,2709,2711],{"className":2710},[138,139,140,141],[77,2712,2714,2717],{"className":2713},[98,141],[77,2715,296],{"className":2716,"style":295},[98,99,141],[77,2718,387],{"className":2719,"style":386},[98,99,141],[77,2721,150],{"className":2722},[149],[77,2724,2726],{"className":2725},[121],[77,2727,2729],{"className":2728,"style":157},[125],[77,2730],{},[77,2732,296],{"className":2733,"style":295},[98,99],"); the generator\ntakes ",[77,2736,2738],{"className":2737},[80],[77,2739,2741],{"className":2740,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2742,2744,2747],{"className":2743},[89],[77,2745],{"className":2746,"style":248},[93],[77,2748,436],{"className":2749,"style":386},[98,99]," as one action, the static-equivalent seismic case your model carries. Put\n",[77,2752,2754],{"className":2753},[80],[77,2755,2757],{"className":2756,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2758,2760,2763],{"className":2759},[89],[77,2761],{"className":2762,"style":327},[93],[77,2764,2766,2769],{"className":2765},[98],[77,2767,436],{"className":2768,"style":386},[98,99],[77,2770,2772],{"className":2771},[112],[77,2773,2775,2795],{"className":2774},[116,117],[77,2776,2778,2792],{"className":2777},[121],[77,2779,2781],{"className":2780,"style":126},[125],[77,2782,2783,2786],{"style":2586},[77,2784],{"className":2785,"style":134},[133],[77,2787,2789],{"className":2788},[138,139,140,141],[77,2790,2651],{"className":2791,"style":2650},[98,99,141],[77,2793,150],{"className":2794},[149],[77,2796,2798],{"className":2797},[121],[77,2799,2801],{"className":2800,"style":157},[125],[77,2802],{}," into that case, or drop it where the standard permits, and say which in the\nreport.",[26,2805,2807],{"id":2806},"mapping-your-load-groups","Mapping your load groups",[11,2809,2810,2811,2815],{},"The generator applies the rules to the ",[15,2812,2814],{"href":2813},"\u002Fkb\u002Floads\u002Fload-cases#grouping","load groups"," you\ndefined. It does not guess which case is which:",[34,2817,2818,2828],{},[37,2819,2820],{},[40,2821,2822,2825],{},[43,2823,2824],{},"ASCE 7 action",[43,2826,2827],{},"Your group",[56,2829,2830,2852,2874,2963,2985],{},[40,2831,2832,2849],{},[61,2833,2834],{},[77,2835,2837],{"className":2836},[80],[77,2838,2840],{"className":2839,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2841,2843,2846],{"className":2842},[89],[77,2844],{"className":2845,"style":248},[93],[77,2847,296],{"className":2848,"style":295},[98,99],[61,2850,2851],{},"Permanent: self-weight and superimposed dead, together",[40,2853,2854,2871],{},[61,2855,2856],{},[77,2857,2859],{"className":2858},[80],[77,2860,2862],{"className":2861,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2863,2865,2868],{"className":2864},[89],[77,2866],{"className":2867,"style":248},[93],[77,2869,313],{"className":2870},[98,99],[61,2872,2873],{},"Variable, floor live; arrangements in an exclusive group",[40,2875,2876,2960],{},[61,2877,2878,2608,2930,2608,2945],{},[77,2879,2881],{"className":2880},[80],[77,2882,2884],{"className":2883,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2885,2887,2890],{"className":2886},[89],[77,2888],{"className":2889,"style":327},[93],[77,2891,2893,2896],{"className":2892},[98],[77,2894,313],{"className":2895},[98,99],[77,2897,2899],{"className":2898},[112],[77,2900,2902,2922],{"className":2901},[116,117],[77,2903,2905,2919],{"className":2904},[121],[77,2906,2908],{"className":2907,"style":126},[125],[77,2909,2910,2913],{"style":348},[77,2911],{"className":2912,"style":134},[133],[77,2914,2916],{"className":2915},[138,139,140,141],[77,2917,358],{"className":2918,"style":295},[98,99,141],[77,2920,150],{"className":2921},[149],[77,2923,2925],{"className":2924},[121],[77,2926,2928],{"className":2927,"style":157},[125],[77,2929],{},[77,2931,2933],{"className":2932},[80],[77,2934,2936],{"className":2935,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2937,2939,2942],{"className":2938},[89],[77,2940],{"className":2941,"style":248},[93],[77,2943,387],{"className":2944,"style":386},[98,99],[77,2946,2948],{"className":2947},[80],[77,2949,2951],{"className":2950,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2952,2954,2957],{"className":2953},[89],[77,2955],{"className":2956,"style":248},[93],[77,2958,108],{"className":2959,"style":107},[98,99],[61,2961,2962],{},"Roof live, snow and rain, each its own group",[40,2964,2965,2982],{},[61,2966,2967],{},[77,2968,2970],{"className":2969},[80],[77,2971,2973],{"className":2972,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2974,2976,2979],{"className":2975},[89],[77,2977],{"className":2978,"style":248},[93],[77,2980,257],{"className":2981,"style":256},[98,99],[61,2983,2984],{},"Wind: directions in an exclusive group, so two directions never act together",[40,2986,2987,3004],{},[61,2988,2989],{},[77,2990,2992],{"className":2991},[80],[77,2993,2995],{"className":2994,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,2996,2998,3001],{"className":2997},[89],[77,2999],{"className":3000,"style":248},[93],[77,3002,436],{"className":3003,"style":386},[98,99],[61,3005,3006],{},"Earthquake: directions in an exclusive group",[267,3008,3010],{"type":3009},"warning",[11,3011,3012,3013,2352,3031,3049],{},"The favourable-permanent variants, ",[77,3014,3016],{"className":3015},[80],[77,3017,3019],{"className":3018,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,3020,3022,3025,3028],{"className":3021},[89],[77,3023],{"className":3024,"style":248},[93],[77,3026,1182],{"className":3027},[98],[77,3029,296],{"className":3030,"style":295},[98,99],[77,3032,3034],{"className":3033},[80],[77,3035,3037],{"className":3036,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,3038,3040,3043,3046],{"className":3039},[89],[77,3041],{"className":3042,"style":248},[93],[77,3044,2005],{"className":3045},[98],[77,3047,296],{"className":3048,"style":295},[98,99],", are the rules that decide uplift and\noverturning, and the ones most often left out of a set written by hand. The generator\nemits them.",[26,3051,3053],{"id":3052},"reading-the-generated-set","Reading the generated set",[11,3055,3056],{},"The same discipline as for Eurocode combinations:",[3058,3059,3060],"steps",{},[3061,3062,3063,3069,3075,3081],"ol",{},[2393,3064,3065,3068],{},[64,3066,3067],{},"Count it."," Two roof actions and two wind directions should produce a set in the\nlow tens, not the hundreds.",[2393,3070,3071,3074],{},[64,3072,3073],{},"Open the governing one"," after solving and read its factors. They should be the\nones you would have written.",[2393,3076,3077,3080],{},[64,3078,3079],{},"Check the exclusive groups."," Wind from two directions in one combination is the\nsymptom of a group that was not marked exclusive.",[2393,3082,3083,3086],{},[64,3084,3085],{},"Regenerate after adding a case."," A set does not update itself.",[26,3088,3090],{"id":3089},"pairing-with-the-design-check","Pairing with the design check",[11,3092,3093,3094,3097],{},"Point the ",[15,3095,3096],{"href":22},"AISC 360 check"," at the LRFD set with the LRFD method\nselected, or at the ASD set with ASD. The check runs every combination it is given and\nreports the governing one with the clause and the substituted formula, as the Eurocode\nmodule does. Deflection and drift go against the serviceability set, with the limits from\nthe project specification.",[26,3099,3101],{"id":3100},"related","Related",[11,3103,3104,3107,3108,3112,3113,3117,3118,3176],{},[15,3105,3106],{"href":17},"Automatic combinations"," covers the EN 1990 rules and the\npartial factor tables; ",[15,3109,3111],{"href":3110},"\u002Fkb\u002Floads\u002Fenvelopes","Envelopes"," covers getting the governing\nvalue out of either set; ",[15,3114,3116],{"href":3115},"\u002Fkb\u002Fdesign-checks\u002Fnational-annexes","National annexes","\nexplains the United States entry in the project's code family list, where the design\nmethod replaces ",[77,3119,3121],{"className":3120},[80],[77,3122,3124],{"className":3123,"ariaHidden":85},[84],[77,3125,3127,3131],{"className":3126},[89],[77,3128],{"className":3129,"style":3130},[93],"height:0.625em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;",[77,3132,3134,3139],{"className":3133},[98],[77,3135,3138],{"className":3136,"style":3137},[98,99],"margin-right:0.0556em;","γ",[77,3140,3142],{"className":3141},[112],[77,3143,3145,3168],{"className":3144},[116,117],[77,3146,3148,3165],{"className":3147},[121],[77,3149,3151],{"className":3150,"style":2702},[125],[77,3152,3154,3157],{"style":3153},"top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.0556em;margin-right:0.05em;",[77,3155],{"className":3156,"style":134},[133],[77,3158,3160],{"className":3159},[138,139,140,141],[77,3161,3164],{"className":3162,"style":3163},[98,99,141],"margin-right:0.109em;","M",[77,3166,150],{"className":3167},[149],[77,3169,3171],{"className":3170},[121],[77,3172,3174],{"className":3173,"style":157},[125],[77,3175],{},".",{"title":3178,"searchDepth":3179,"depth":3179,"links":3180},"",2,[3181,3182,3183,3184,3185,3186,3187,3188],{"id":28,"depth":3179,"text":29},{"id":275,"depth":3179,"text":276},{"id":1313,"depth":3179,"text":1314},{"id":2316,"depth":3179,"text":2317},{"id":2806,"depth":3179,"text":2807},{"id":3052,"depth":3179,"text":3053},{"id":3089,"depth":3179,"text":3090},{"id":3100,"depth":3179,"text":3101},"LRFD and ASD combinations to ASCE 7-22 — how the generator maps your load groups onto D, L, Lr, S, W and E, and pairing them with the AISC check.","md",false,{},true,null,4,"\u002Fkb\u002Floads\u002Fasce-7-combinations",{"title":6,"description":3189},{"loc":3196},"kb\u002Floads\u002Fasce-7-combinations","YT1NPSasfY-jj7TaYKD5UG6wgkv61V-7XTw87ktOkn8",{"sections":3202,"extras":3506,"flat":3519},[3203,3238,3281,3300,3328,3359,3383,3414,3441,3468,3483],{"path":3204,"slug":3205,"title":3206,"description":3207,"icon":3208,"articles":3209},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started","getting-started","Getting started","From an empty tab to a solved, checked structure — the three guides that get you productive in Elementarium.","lucide:rocket",[3210,3214,3218,3222,3226,3230,3234],{"path":3211,"title":3212,"description":3213,"translated":3193},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Fkeyboard-shortcuts","Keyboard shortcuts","Every key binding in the workspace, the pointer gestures in the viewports, what the number fields accept, and what the command palette understands.",{"path":3215,"title":3216,"description":3217,"translated":3193},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Fquickstart","Quickstart","Build a portal frame, load it, solve it and read the bending moment diagram — about ten minutes from an empty tab.",{"path":3219,"title":3220,"description":3221,"translated":3193},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Fscope-and-limits","Scope and limits","What Elementarium models, solves and checks today, and what it does not — on one page, before you commit a job to it.",{"path":3223,"title":3224,"description":3225,"translated":3193},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Fsystem-requirements","System requirements","Which browsers and devices run Elementarium, how threading affects solve speed, and where the practical ceiling on model size comes from.",{"path":3227,"title":3228,"description":3229,"translated":3193},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Finterface-tour","Tour of the workspace","The ribbon, properties panel, dockable viewports, table dock, command palette and status bar — what each part of the editor is for.",{"path":3231,"title":3232,"description":3233,"translated":3193},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Funits","Units","How units work in Elementarium — SI inside, your unit system on screen — and the handful of conversions that cause most wrong answers in structural models.",{"path":3235,"title":3236,"description":3237,"translated":3193},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Ffirst-analysis","Your first analysis","Load cases, combinations and a linear static solve — then how to decide whether the answer is trustworthy.",{"path":3239,"slug":3240,"title":3241,"description":3242,"icon":3243,"articles":3244},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling","modeling","Modeling","Bars, beams, 3D frames, slabs and walls. Geometry, sections, supports and releases that behave like the real structure.","lucide:frame",[3245,3249,3253,3257,3261,3265,3269,3273,3277],{"path":3246,"title":3247,"description":3248,"translated":3193},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fbars-beams-and-trusses","Bars, beams and trusses","When a member should be a bar and when a beam, how to model trusses and bracing, and what to do about members that only work in tension.",{"path":3250,"title":3251,"description":3252,"translated":3193},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fdrawings-and-snapping","Drawings & snapping","Importing a DXF as a reference underlay, choosing its units and plane, and snapping model geometry onto it accurately.",{"path":3254,"title":3255,"description":3256,"translated":3193},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Felastic-foundations","Elastic foundations","Grade beams, strip footings and walls on ground as line supports on springs — choosing a subgrade modulus, and where the model stops being true.",{"path":3258,"title":3259,"description":3260,"translated":3193},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fplane-frames-in-3d","Plane frames in a 3D solver","When to use the 2D Frame and 2D Truss model types, why a flat structure in a 3D model is a mechanism, and how to restrain it.",{"path":3262,"title":3263,"description":3264,"translated":3193},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fsections-and-materials","Sections & materials","What a section and a material contribute to the stiffness matrix and the design checks, and the values worth checking twice.",{"path":3266,"title":3267,"description":3268,"translated":3193},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fsurfaces","Slabs, walls and shells","Modelling surfaces in Elementarium — outlines, openings and thickness, how a beam or a wall attaches to a slab, local axes, and what a surface result means.",{"path":3270,"title":3271,"description":3272,"translated":3193},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fstructure-generators","Structure generators","Thirty-five parametric structures — trusses, frames, arches, towers, domes and shells — generated from a few dimensions, with supports and loads.",{"path":3274,"title":3275,"description":3276,"translated":3193},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fsupports-and-releases","Supports & releases","Pins, fixities, springs and end releases — what each one does to the stiffness matrix, and when each is right.",{"path":3278,"title":3279,"description":3280,"translated":3193},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Ffirst-model","Your first model","The modeling loop end to end — geometry, sections, supports and releases — on a structure small enough to check by hand.",{"path":3282,"slug":3283,"title":3284,"description":3285,"icon":3286,"articles":3287},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmeshing","meshing","Meshing","Mesh density, local refinement and the quality checks that tell you when a mesh is fine enough to 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