[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":789},["ShallowReactive",2],{"kb-en-\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Fsystem-requirements":3,"kb-nav-en":402},{"page":4,"fallback":392},{"id":5,"title":6,"body":7,"description":390,"extension":391,"faq":392,"meta":393,"navigation":394,"ogImage":395,"order":396,"path":397,"raw":392,"robots":395,"schemaOrg":395,"seo":398,"sitemap":399,"stem":400,"__hash__":401},"content_en\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Fsystem-requirements.md","System requirements",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":376},"minimark",[10,14,19,62,65,72,80,84,87,134,137,155,159,204,209,212,230,241,245,252,256,278,285,289,315,319,369],[11,12,13],"p",{},"Elementarium is a web application, so the requirements are about the browser, not the\noperating system. There is nothing to install, no graphics driver to update and no\nlicence server to reach.",[15,16,18],"h2",{"id":17},"browsers","Browsers",[20,21,22,35],"table",{},[23,24,25],"thead",{},[26,27,28,32],"tr",{},[29,30,31],"th",{},"Browser",[29,33,34],{},"Support",[36,37,38,47,54],"tbody",{},[26,39,40,44],{},[41,42,43],"td",{},"Chrome, Edge and other Chromium browsers",[41,45,46],{},"Current versions",[26,48,49,52],{},[41,50,51],{},"Firefox",[41,53,46],{},[26,55,56,59],{},[41,57,58],{},"Safari",[41,60,61],{},"Current versions, on macOS and on iPadOS \u002F iOS",[11,63,64],{},"\"Current\" means the release channel the vendor is shipping now.",[66,67,69],"callout",{"type":68},"warning",[11,70,71],{},"The solver depends on WebAssembly features that older browsers lack. An out-of-date\nbrowser is the usual reason for a solve that does not start at all.",[11,73,74,75,79],{},"The finite element core is C++ compiled to ",[76,77,78],"strong",{},"WebAssembly",". It runs on x86 and ARM alike:\nan Apple-silicon laptop, a Windows workstation and an Android tablet all run the same\nbinary at native-code speed.",[15,81,83],{"id":82},"two-solver-builds-and-why-one-is-faster","Two solver builds, and why one is faster",[11,85,86],{},"Two WebAssembly builds ship, and the app chooses between them at load time. You do not\nchoose.",[20,88,89,102],{},[23,90,91],{},[26,92,93,96,99],{},[29,94,95],{},"Build",[29,97,98],{},"What it does",[29,100,101],{},"When it runs",[36,103,104,121],{},[26,105,106,111,114],{},[41,107,108],{},[76,109,110],{},"Threaded",[41,112,113],{},"Spreads assembly and solution across the machine's cores — by default half its logical processors, at most eight",[41,115,116,117,120],{},"The browser grants the page ",[76,118,119],{},"cross-origin isolation"," (a security condition that lets a page share memory between threads) and can create the nested workers a thread pool is made of",[26,122,123,128,131],{},[41,124,125],{},[76,126,127],{},"Single-threaded",[41,129,130],{},"The same solver on one thread",[41,132,133],{},"Fallback wherever either condition is missing, so the solve still runs instead of failing",[11,135,136],{},"The result is identical; only the time differs. If a solve seems slower than the machine\nshould manage, check first that the browser is current and that nothing else is\nsaturating the CPU.",[11,138,139,140,143,144,149,150,154],{},"Why half? Browsers report logical processors, and on most desktops that is two\nhyperthreads per physical core. An iterative solve is limited by memory bandwidth, so a\nsecond thread on the same core adds a participant to every synchronisation without adding\nbandwidth. Eight is the ceiling because past it the cost of coordinating that many\nbrowser workers overtakes the shared work. ",[76,141,142],{},"Settings → Threads"," overrides the\nautomatic choice for this device — see\n",[145,146,148],"a",{"href":147},"\u002Fkb\u002Fanalysis\u002Fsolvers#solver-threads","Solver threads"," — and the\n",[145,151,153],{"href":152},"\u002Fkb\u002Fanalysis\u002Fsolvers#the-solve-monitor","solve monitor"," shows the count a solve\nactually ran with.",[15,156,158],{"id":157},"hardware","Hardware",[20,160,161,170],{},[23,162,163],{},[26,164,165,167],{},[29,166],{},[29,168,169],{},"Practical guidance",[36,171,172,180,188,196],{},[26,173,174,177],{},[41,175,176],{},"Processor",[41,178,179],{},"Any current desktop, laptop or tablet. More physical cores help the threaded build directly, up to eight solver threads",[26,181,182,185],{},[41,183,184],{},"Memory",[41,186,187],{},"The one real ceiling on model size — see below",[26,189,190,193],{},[41,191,192],{},"Graphics",[41,194,195],{},"Anything that runs WebGL, which every current device does",[26,197,198,201],{},[41,199,200],{},"Screen",[41,202,203],{},"The workspace lays itself out for a desk monitor, a laptop, a tablet and a phone",[205,206,208],"h3",{"id":207},"memory-is-the-limit","Memory is the limit",[11,210,211],{},"Because solving happens on your machine, the practical ceiling on model size is the\nmemory the browser can allocate, not a licence tier. A model that fails on a large mesh\nand succeeds on a coarser one has hit that ceiling. To get under it:",[213,214,215,224,227],"ul",{},[216,217,218,219,223],"li",{},"coarsen the mesh where it is not earning its elements\n(",[145,220,222],{"href":221},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmeshing\u002Frefinement","Local refinement",");",[216,225,226],{},"close other tabs;",[216,228,229],{},"use a 64-bit desktop browser, not a mobile one, for the largest models.",[66,231,233],{"type":232},"note",[11,234,235,236,240],{},"The free plan also caps the solved system at 500 degrees of freedom. That is a plan\nlimit, not a hardware one — see ",[145,237,239],{"href":238},"\u002Fkb\u002Faccount\u002Fplans","Plans and limits",".",[15,242,244],{"id":243},"tablets-and-phones","Tablets and phones",[11,246,247,248,240],{},"The whole application runs on a tablet and on a phone, with the same solver. The desk\nlayout — ribbon, properties panel, viewports and table dock — stacks into panels a thumb\ncan drive, and touch targets are sized for a finger. A tablet on site can open the\nmodel, solve it and read a reaction; whether you build a large model that way is a matter\nof taste. See ",[145,249,251],{"href":250},"\u002Fkb\u002Fcollaboration\u002Fdevices","Working across devices",[15,253,255],{"id":254},"connection","Connection",[20,257,258,268],{},[23,259,260],{},[26,261,262,265],{},[29,263,264],{},"Needs the network",[29,266,267],{},"Works offline (on a project already opened on that device)",[36,269,270],{},[26,271,272,275],{},[41,273,274],{},"Sign-in, sync, sharing, billing",[41,276,277],{},"Modeling, meshing, solving, design checks, report generation",[11,279,280,281,240],{},"Details, including what to do before a known outage, are in\n",[145,282,284],{"href":283},"\u002Fkb\u002Fcollaboration\u002Fworking-offline","Working offline",[15,286,288],{"id":287},"what-is-not-required","What is not required",[213,290,291,297,303,309],{},[216,292,293,296],{},[76,294,295],{},"No installer or administrator rights."," A locked-down corporate laptop or a\nuniversity lab machine runs it from the browser.",[216,298,299,302],{},[76,300,301],{},"No GPU compute."," The solver runs on the CPU; the graphics card only draws the\nviewport.",[216,304,305,308],{},[76,306,307],{},"No plug-ins or extensions."," Import and export — IFC, SAF, DXF, CSV, xlsx, PDF — are\nall built in.",[216,310,311,314],{},[76,312,313],{},"No licence server, dongle or activation."," Sign in and work.",[15,316,318],{"id":317},"if-it-will-not-run","If it will not run",[20,320,321,331],{},[23,322,323],{},[26,324,325,328],{},[29,326,327],{},"Symptom",[29,329,330],{},"Likely cause",[36,332,333,341,353,361],{},[26,334,335,338],{},[41,336,337],{},"The app loads but a solve never starts",[41,339,340],{},"Browser too old for the WebAssembly features the solver needs — update it",[26,342,343,346],{},[41,344,345],{},"Solves are much slower than on another machine",[41,347,348,349,352],{},"Single-threaded fallback, a lowered ",[76,350,351],{},"Threads"," setting, or a busy CPU — the solve monitor's statistics show the thread count",[26,354,355,358],{},[41,356,357],{},"A large model fails, a small one works",[41,359,360],{},"Browser memory — coarsen the mesh or move to a desktop browser",[26,362,363,366],{},[41,364,365],{},"Projects do not sync",[41,367,368],{},"No connection, or not signed in — the work is safe locally and merges on reconnect",[11,370,371,372,240],{},"More in ",[145,373,375],{"href":374},"\u002Fkb\u002Ftroubleshooting\u002Fsolver-errors","Solver errors",{"title":377,"searchDepth":378,"depth":378,"links":379},"",2,[380,381,382,386,387,388,389],{"id":17,"depth":378,"text":18},{"id":82,"depth":378,"text":83},{"id":157,"depth":378,"text":158,"children":383},[384],{"id":207,"depth":385,"text":208},3,{"id":243,"depth":378,"text":244},{"id":254,"depth":378,"text":255},{"id":287,"depth":378,"text":288},{"id":317,"depth":378,"text":318},"Which browsers and devices run Elementarium, how threading affects solve speed, and where the practical ceiling on model size comes from.","md",false,{},true,null,4,"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Fsystem-requirements",{"title":6,"description":390},{"loc":397},"kb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Fsystem-requirements","imLYjJ0v4xNi6on2TmWexPC7hlSWj2Wn30Db3XbHa-c",{"sections":403,"extras":705,"flat":718},[404,436,479,496,531,562,589,620,643,670,683],{"path":405,"slug":406,"title":407,"description":408,"icon":409,"articles":410},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started","getting-started","Getting started","From an empty tab to a solved, checked structure — the three guides that get you productive in Elementarium.","lucide:rocket",[411,415,419,423,424,428,432],{"path":412,"title":413,"description":414,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Fkeyboard-shortcuts","Keyboard shortcuts","Every key binding in the workspace, the pointer gestures in the viewports, what the number fields accept, and what the command palette understands.",{"path":416,"title":417,"description":418,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Fquickstart","Quickstart","Build a portal frame, load it, solve it and read the bending moment diagram — about ten minutes from an empty tab.",{"path":420,"title":421,"description":422,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Fscope-and-limits","Scope and limits","What Elementarium models, solves and checks today, and what it does not — on one page, before you commit a job to it.",{"path":397,"title":6,"description":390,"translated":394},{"path":425,"title":426,"description":427,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Finterface-tour","Tour of the workspace","The ribbon, properties panel, dockable viewports, table dock, command palette and status bar — what each part of the editor is for.",{"path":429,"title":430,"description":431,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Funits","Units","How units work in Elementarium — SI inside, your unit system on screen — and the handful of conversions that cause most wrong answers in structural models.",{"path":433,"title":434,"description":435,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fgetting-started\u002Ffirst-analysis","Your first analysis","Load cases, combinations and a linear static solve — then how to decide whether the answer is trustworthy.",{"path":437,"slug":438,"title":439,"description":440,"icon":441,"articles":442},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling","modeling","Modeling","Bars, beams, 3D frames, slabs and walls. Geometry, sections, supports and releases that behave like the real structure.","lucide:frame",[443,447,451,455,459,463,467,471,475],{"path":444,"title":445,"description":446,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fbars-beams-and-trusses","Bars, beams and trusses","When a member should be a bar and when a beam, how to model trusses and bracing, and what to do about members that only work in tension.",{"path":448,"title":449,"description":450,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fdrawings-and-snapping","Drawings & snapping","Importing a DXF as a reference underlay, choosing its units and plane, and snapping model geometry onto it accurately.",{"path":452,"title":453,"description":454,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Felastic-foundations","Elastic foundations","Grade beams, strip footings and walls on ground as line supports on springs — choosing a subgrade modulus, and where the model stops being true.",{"path":456,"title":457,"description":458,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fplane-frames-in-3d","Plane frames in a 3D solver","When to use the 2D Frame and 2D Truss model types, why a flat structure in a 3D model is a mechanism, and how to restrain it.",{"path":460,"title":461,"description":462,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fsections-and-materials","Sections & materials","What a section and a material contribute to the stiffness matrix and the design checks, and the values worth checking twice.",{"path":464,"title":465,"description":466,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fsurfaces","Slabs, walls and shells","Modelling surfaces in Elementarium — outlines, openings and thickness, how a beam or a wall attaches to a slab, local axes, and what a surface result means.",{"path":468,"title":469,"description":470,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fstructure-generators","Structure generators","Thirty-five parametric structures — trusses, frames, arches, towers, domes and shells — generated from a few dimensions, with supports and loads.",{"path":472,"title":473,"description":474,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Fsupports-and-releases","Supports & releases","Pins, fixities, springs and end releases — what each one does to the stiffness matrix, and when each is right.",{"path":476,"title":477,"description":478,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmodeling\u002Ffirst-model","Your first model","The modeling loop end to end — geometry, sections, supports and releases — on a structure small enough to check by hand.",{"path":480,"slug":481,"title":482,"description":483,"icon":484,"articles":485},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmeshing","meshing","Meshing","Mesh density, local refinement and the quality checks that tell you when a mesh is fine enough to trust.","lucide:grid-3x3",[486,490,492],{"path":487,"title":488,"description":489,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmeshing\u002Felement-size","Choosing element size","Starting mesh densities for slabs, walls and rafts, and the convergence test that decides whether a mesh is fine enough.",{"path":221,"title":222,"description":491,"translated":394},"Where to spend elements, where not to bother, and how to refine without wrecking element shape.",{"path":493,"title":494,"description":495,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fmeshing\u002Fquality-checks","Mesh quality","Aspect ratio, skew and warping — what degrades a result, what the mesher reports, and how to tell whether the elements you are worried about matter.",{"path":497,"slug":498,"title":499,"description":500,"icon":501,"articles":502},"\u002Fkb\u002Floads","loads","Loads & combinations","Build load cases, generate code combinations automatically and find out which one actually governs.","lucide:arrow-down-to-line",[503,507,511,515,519,523,527],{"path":504,"title":505,"description":506,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Floads\u002Fasce-7-combinations","ASCE 7 combinations","LRFD and ASD combinations to ASCE 7-22 — how the generator maps your load groups onto D, L, Lr, S, W and E, and pairing them with the AISC check.",{"path":508,"title":509,"description":510,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Floads\u002Fcombinations","Automatic combinations","Generating EN 1990 and ASCE 7 combinations, understanding the equations behind them, and reading the generated set critically.",{"path":512,"title":513,"description":514,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Floads\u002Fenvelopes","Envelopes","Extracting the governing value across dozens of combinations without reading every one — and the traps in doing so.",{"path":516,"title":517,"description":518,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Floads\u002Fload-cases","Load cases","Actions, self-weight, imposed loads and load arrangements — how to build cases that stay separable.",{"path":520,"title":521,"description":522,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Floads\u002Fload-panels","Load panels","Areas that hand a floor, roof or wall pressure to the members around them as line loads, one way or two way, without meshing a slab.",{"path":524,"title":525,"description":526,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Floads\u002Ftemperature-loads","Temperature loads","Uniform temperature change and through-depth gradients — what each does to a free and a restrained structure, and the coefficients to use.",{"path":528,"title":529,"description":530,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Floads\u002Fwind-and-snow","Wind and snow","Wind to EN 1991-1-4 and snow to EN 1991-1-3, generated on a building envelope — site inputs, recognised roof shapes, the cases produced, and the limits.",{"path":532,"slug":533,"title":534,"description":535,"icon":536,"articles":537},"\u002Fkb\u002Fanalysis","analysis","Analysis types","Linear static, modal, linear buckling and second-order — what each analysis assumes, what it returns and how to read the result.","lucide:activity",[538,542,546,550,554,558],{"path":539,"title":540,"description":541,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fanalysis\u002Fsolvers","Choosing a linear solver","Conjugate gradients with Jacobi, incomplete Cholesky or multigrid, or a direct factorisation — what each does, how to watch it, and when the choice matters.",{"path":543,"title":544,"description":545,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fanalysis\u002Fbuckling","Linear buckling","Critical load factors and buckling shapes — what α_cr means, why it is an upper bound, and how to use it for second-order effects.",{"path":547,"title":548,"description":549,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fanalysis\u002Flinear-static","Linear static analysis","The workhorse analysis — what K u = f actually assumes, what it returns, and where linearity stops being a reasonable model.",{"path":551,"title":552,"description":553,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fanalysis\u002Fmodal","Modal analysis","Natural frequencies and mode shapes — mass modelling, participation factors and what the numbers are good for.",{"path":555,"title":556,"description":557,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fanalysis\u002Fsecond-order","Second-order analysis","P-Δ and P-δ solved by iteration, geometric imperfections to EN 1993-1-1 §5.3, and why a second-order result cannot be superposed.",{"path":559,"title":560,"description":561,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fanalysis\u002Fverification","Verifying the solver","Closed-form cases you can build in ten minutes to test the solver — beams, frames, columns, plates, frequencies — with the expected error of each.",{"path":563,"slug":564,"title":565,"description":566,"icon":567,"articles":568},"\u002Fkb\u002Fdesign-checks","design-checks","Design checks","Utilisation ratios, governing cases and the clause behind every number a check reports.","lucide:clipboard-check",[569,573,577,581,585],{"path":570,"title":571,"description":572,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fdesign-checks\u002Fnational-annexes","National annexes","Where nationally determined parameters change the answer, how to select the right annex, and what to state in the report.",{"path":574,"title":575,"description":576,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fdesign-checks\u002Fsection-classification","Section classification","How EN 1993-1-1 Table 5.2 classifies a steel section, why the class depends on the combination, and what the check does with shapes it cannot classify.",{"path":578,"title":579,"description":580,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fdesign-checks\u002Fserviceability","Serviceability checks","Deflection, drift and floor frequency checked member by member at SLS, to the national annexes, EN 1990:2023, IBC, AISC or EN 1995-1-1.",{"path":582,"title":583,"description":584,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fdesign-checks\u002Faisc","Steel — AISC 360","Member strength to Chapters D to H, LRFD or ASD — compression buckling, lateral-torsional buckling and every C_b option written down.",{"path":586,"title":587,"description":588,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fdesign-checks\u002Fsteel","Steel — EN 1993-1-1","Member resistance to §6.2 and §6.3 — what is checked at every station, where buckling lengths come from, and the clauses left to you.",{"path":590,"slug":591,"title":592,"description":593,"icon":594,"articles":595},"\u002Fkb\u002Freports","reports","Results & reports","Diagrams, contours and tables in the viewport, and the calculation package you hand to a reviewer.","lucide:file-chart-column",[596,600,604,608,612,616],{"path":597,"title":598,"description":599,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Freports\u002Fexporting","Exporting a report","Assembling a calculation package a reviewer can follow — inputs, model, results and checks, in the order a calc package should be.",{"path":601,"title":602,"description":603,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Freports\u002Fifc","IFC structural models","The IFC structural analysis view in and out — what IFC2X3, IFC4 and IFC4X3 files bring, what an export carries, and what IFC cannot say.",{"path":605,"title":606,"description":607,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Freports\u002Fexchange","Import & export formats","IFC structural models and SAF workbooks in and out, DXF as a reference drawing, result tables as CSV or xlsx, and an OOFEM input deck.",{"path":609,"title":610,"description":611,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Freports\u002Freading-diagrams","Reading diagrams","Bending, shear and axial diagrams, contour plots and deformed shapes — the conventions behind what you are looking at.",{"path":613,"title":614,"description":615,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Freports\u002Fresult-tables","Result tables","Filtering, sorting and extracting numbers — getting the value you need out of a solved model without scrolling.",{"path":617,"title":618,"description":619,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Freports\u002Freviewing","Reviewing a calculation","For the checking engineer — how to interrogate a model you did not build, what the report guarantees, and the questions to ask first.",{"path":621,"slug":622,"title":623,"description":624,"icon":625,"articles":626},"\u002Fkb\u002Fcollaboration","collaboration","Collaboration & sync","Shared models, real-time editing, and offline edits that merge cleanly when you reconnect.","lucide:users-round",[627,631,635,639,641],{"path":628,"title":629,"description":630,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fcollaboration\u002Fcomments","Comments","Threads pinned to nodes, members, plates or points, @mentions, blocking comments that hold up a report, and the notifications they send.",{"path":632,"title":633,"description":634,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fcollaboration\u002Fsharing-projects","Sharing a project","Inviting people to a model, what each role can do, and how to coordinate two engineers in the same structure.",{"path":636,"title":637,"description":638,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Fcollaboration\u002Fversion-history","Version history","Automatic checkpoints and named versions — how long they are kept, previewing an earlier state, and restoring it in place or as a new project.",{"path":250,"title":251,"description":640,"translated":394},"One account on every device — how a project follows you from desk to laptop, tablet or phone, and what changes on a small screen.",{"path":283,"title":284,"description":642,"translated":394},"What keeps working with no connection, what does not, and how offline edits merge when you come back.",{"path":644,"slug":645,"title":646,"description":647,"icon":648,"articles":649},"\u002Fkb\u002Ftheory","theory","Theory notes","The mechanics inside the solver — element formulations, sign conventions, numerical assumptions and their limits.","lucide:sigma",[650,654,658,662,666],{"path":651,"title":652,"description":653,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Ftheory\u002Felement-formulations","Element formulations","Degrees of freedom, interpolation and limits for every element type in the solver — what each one can represent and what it cannot.",{"path":655,"title":656,"description":657,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Ftheory\u002Fglossary","Glossary","Finite element and structural terms as Elementarium uses them, from degrees of freedom to MITC4 and utilisation, each linked to its page.",{"path":659,"title":660,"description":661,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Ftheory\u002Fsign-conventions","Sign conventions","Axes, positive directions and how to read a diagram without guessing — the page that prevents most result confusion.",{"path":663,"title":664,"description":665,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Ftheory\u002Fdirect-stiffness-method","The direct stiffness method","How a finite element solver turns a model into K u = f and back — stiffness, transformation, assembly, constraints, solution and recovery.",{"path":667,"title":668,"description":669,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Ftheory\u002Fwinkler-foundations","Winkler foundations","The bedding model behind elastic foundations — what it assumes, how to choose a modulus, and precisely where the idealisation stops being true.",{"path":671,"slug":672,"title":673,"description":674,"icon":675,"articles":676},"\u002Fkb\u002Ftroubleshooting","troubleshooting","Troubleshooting","Solver errors, unstable models and results that look wrong — with the usual causes listed first.","lucide:life-buoy",[677,679],{"path":374,"title":375,"description":678,"translated":394},"What each class of solver message means, what usually causes it, and what to do next.",{"path":680,"title":681,"description":682,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Ftroubleshooting\u002Fsingular-stiffness-matrix","Why the solver reports a singular stiffness matrix","The most common solver failure — what singularity means mechanically, the six causes in order of frequency, and how to find yours in minutes.",{"path":684,"slug":685,"title":686,"description":687,"icon":688,"articles":689},"\u002Fkb\u002Faccount","account","Account & billing","Plans, limits, invoices, and what happens to your projects when a subscription ends.","lucide:credit-card",[690,694,698,701],{"path":691,"title":692,"description":693,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Faccount\u002Finvoices","Invoices & VAT","Billing details, receipts, VAT handling and how to get an invoice your accounts department will accept.",{"path":695,"title":696,"description":697,"translated":394},"\u002Fkb\u002Faccount\u002Fcancelling","Pausing or cancelling","How to stop paying without losing your work — what happens to projects, reports and history when a subscription ends.",{"path":238,"title":699,"description":700,"translated":394},"Plans & limits","What the free plan includes, what Pro adds, and how the caps are actually 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